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Sri Madhvacharya: The Defender of Dualism and Bhakti Yoga

Introduction

Sri Madhvacharya, also known as Madhva, was a great philosopher and spiritual teacher who lived in 13th-century India. His life and teachings have had a profound impact on the world of spirituality, particularly in defending the principles of dualism and promoting the path of bhakti yoga. On his appearance day, let’s take a closer look at the fascinating life and teachings of this spiritual luminary.

The Divine Transmission

In the tradition of passing down spiritual knowledge, Lord Vishnu shared profound wisdom with four remarkable personalities: Lakshmi Devi, Lord Shiva, Sri Brahma, and the four Kumaras. These four spiritual figures, in turn, passed on this knowledge to four devoted souls, laying the foundation for four distinct lineages, or Sampradayas:

  •         Lakshmi Devi transmitted her knowledge to Ramanujacharya, forming the Sri Sampradaya.
  •         Lord Shiva imparted his wisdom to Vishnuswami, creating the Rudra Sampradaya.
  •         Sri Brahma shared his insights with Madhvacharya, establishing the Brahma Sampradaya.
  •         The four Kumaras passed on their knowledge to Nimbarka, leading to the Kumara Sampradaya.

Sri Madhvacharya: A Life of Devotion

Madhvacharya was born into a Brahmana family in the coastal town of Udupi, South India. His early life was marked by extraordinary events and displays of divine power, such as turning tamarind seeds into coins and defeating a snake demon with a touch of his toe.

His exceptional intellect and insatiable thirst for knowledge led him to embark on a spiritual journey at the age of twelve when he accepted sannyasa, a renounced way of life. Madhvacharya traveled extensively across India, seeking wisdom and mastering various fields of knowledge.

Meeting with Srila Vyasadeva

One of the significant milestones in Madhvacharya’s life was his meeting with the great sage Srila Vyasadeva at Badarikashrama, a sacred place of pilgrimage in the Himalayas. Under Srila Vyasadeva’s guidance, Madhvacharya’s scholarship and spiritual understanding reached new heights.

Return to Udupi

After his extensive travels and learning, Madhvacharya returned to Udupi, where he continued to display his divine qualities. In Udupi, an incident involving a merchant ship carrying a special cargo of gopi-candana (clay from Krishna’s Vrindavana) took place. This event revealed a Deity of Lord Krishna concealed within the clay, complete with a stick and a lump of food. Madhvacharya composed a heartfelt prayer of gratitude and established the worship of this Deity, a practice that continues to this day.

Defender of Dualism

Madhvacharya’s profound intellect and devotion to Lord Krishna made him a staunch defender of the philosophy of dualism (Dvaita). He passionately argued against the impersonalistic views of the Mayavadis, who considered God’s form as an illusion. Madhvacharya’s philosophy of shuddha-dvaita, or pure dualism, logically established that God is eternally a person and is forever distinct from His creation.

Bhakti Yoga and Individuality

Furthermore, Madhvacharya emphasized the path of bhakti yoga, which teaches that the individual soul is eternally a servant of Lord Krishna. Contrary to the Mayavadis, he asserted that the soul retains its unique and individual identity even after returning to the spiritual realm through devotional service. Madhvacharya’s teachings underscored the eternal relationship between the soul and the Supreme Soul, emphasizing that they do not merge into a singular entity.

Conclusion

Sri Madhvacharya’s life and teachings continue to inspire seekers on their spiritual journeys. His unwavering devotion to Lord Krishna, his defense of dualism, and his promotion of bhakti yoga have left an enduring legacy in the world of spirituality. As we celebrate his appearance day, we honor the sage who illuminated the path of devotion and emphasized the eternal individuality of the soul, guiding countless souls toward spiritual realization.

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Vaishnav Seva
Vasant Panchami

Vasant Panchami

Hare Krishna, 

Vasant Panchami is a spring season festival as per the English calendar, celebrated throughout India. Therefore, worshipping mother Saraswati, the goddess of education, creativity, and music, is of great significance. It is also quoted that on the day of Vasant Panchami, Brahma created the goddess Saraswati. That’s why worshipping mother Saraswati on this particular day is unique.  

As per Vedic literature, Lord Krishna blessed goddess Saraswati that on Vasant Panchami, she would be worshipped everywhere. Even today, we can see that people offer their obeisance and worship goddess Saraswati on every Vasant Panchami. In Rigveda, mother Saraswati has been glorified as below –

“Prano Devi Saraswathi, Vajhebhir vajinavathi, Dhinam avithri avathu”

It means – Supreme consciousness in the form of goddess Saraswati protects our intelligence, mind, and psychology. Whatever character and intellect we got are because of mother Saraswati who has unique opulence in terms of prosperity and form. Here supreme consciousness means the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Shri Krishna, the original cause of all causes. 

In Bhagavad Gita, Lord says – 

mattah parataram nanyat kincid asti dhananjaya 
mayi sarvam idam protam sutre mani-gana iva

“O conqueror of wealth [Arjuna], there is no Truth superior to Me. Everything rests upon Me, as pearls are strung on a thread.”

The supreme personality of Godhead has given different services to His devotees to govern the material world. For example, Brahma Ji is responsible for the creation, Lord Shiva for annihilation, goddess Laxmi for wealth, and goddess Durga for protecting this material world compared to a prison. Similarly, goddess Saraswati is given a department of knowledge, creativity, and music which she is governing very skillfully. Goddess Saraswati bestows these qualities upon those who worship her and please her with their rituals. However, goddess Saraswati never forgets that the supreme personality of Godhead is her master and all demigods-demigoddess are being engaged in His service. This can be illustrated by the below example – 

As per Ramayana, when Kumbhakaran, brother of Ravana, performed severe austerities to please Brahma, all demigods-demigoddesses became afraid of him. Thus they approached goddess Saraswati and requested her to sit on the tongue of Kumbhakaran when he asked for benedictions from Brahma. Goddess Saraswati assured the demigods and agreed to sit on the tongue of Kumbhakaran. Kumbhakaran wanted Indraasan, the kingdom of Indra, as a benediction, but under the influence of goddess Saraswati, he ended up asking for Nindraasan, oversleeping. In that way, goddess Saraswati assisted demigods to protect the Lord’s creation. 

One more illustration can be seen from Sripad Ramanujacharya’s life. Sripad Ramanujacharya’s spiritual master instructed him to write a Vaishnav-style commentary on Srila Vyasdeva’s Vedanta Sutra. He went to Kashmir-based Sharda peetha to get the original text. When residents of Sharda peetha denied him the original texts, goddess Saraswati personally came and provided him with the original texts. When Sripad Ramanujacharya finished the commentary, mother Saraswati became very much pleased. She presented to Sripad Ramanujacharya her personal deity of `Hayagriva`, a plenary expansion of Lord Shri Hari, and awarded him the title “scholar”.

We can see one more incident where goddess Saraswati showed her allegiance and devotion to the supreme personality of Godhead, Shri Krishna. This particular example is from Chaitanya Mahaprabhu’s life who Himself is non-different from Krishna. Keshav Kashmiri, a great scholar and a great devotee of mother Saraswati, came to Navdwip for debate based on scriptures. He had already visited all the learning centers of India and was unconquered in all of them. 

Once Chaitanya Mahaprabhu who was popularly known as Nimai pandit at that time was on the bank of river Ganga. There He met Keshav Kashmiri and asked him to create a verse to praise the river Ganga. Keshav Kashmiri, being a learned scholar, created 100 verses in a few minutes. Keshav proudly spoke all 100 verses to Nimai. Nimai not only learned all the 100 verses instantly but also quoted various grammatical errors in the 64th verse. Nimai also quoted errors in a few more verses. Keshav Kashmiri was amazed and stunned at that. 

Keshav Kashmiri was puzzled at how a small boy of Sanskrit grammar school was finding errors in his compositions. At last, goddess Saraswati came in his dreams, as he was a great devotee of goddess Saraswati. She ordered Keshav Kashmiri to take shelter at the lotus feet of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. She also informed him that Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is no other than Lord Shri Krishna. In this way, Keshav Kashmiri became a devotee of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. 

All the above incidences show that goddess Saraswati is a unique devotee of Lord Shri Krishna. She is using her post and designation to assist devotees of the Lord. Let us pray to mother Saraswati on this auspicious occasion of Vasant Panchami that we all dedicatedly devote ourselves to the selfless service of the Lord and his devotees; that we should develop a service attitude and make this human form of life worthy.

Your Smallest act of Charity can make a difference and bring smiles to Needy Faces.